1. Differences in power systems

The power system of traditional vehicles comes from the engine. The optimal operating temperature of the engine is 85-105 degree . When the temperature is too low, the performance is poor and preheating is required; when the temperature is too high, it will cause damage to the components and require heat dissipation.

Low-temperature preheating of gasoline vehicles usually only requires the engine to start for a while, and the temperature can be raised by its own heat, without additional processing; high-temperature heat dissipation requires turning on the cooling fan to dissipate the engine coolant. In short, the characteristics of the engine are high heat and high temperature, and the temperature control demand is mainly cooling, which is relatively simple.

Therefore, the heat-related systems in traditional cars are mainly air conditioning systems and engine cooling systems. When the air conditioner is heating, it will use the high-temperature waste heat generated by the engine when it is running, but the air conditioner and the engine cooling system are two independent controllers.

However, the power battery is very different. The optimal operating temperature of the power battery is 20-40 degree . If the temperature is too low, the battery capacity will drop significantly. The electroplating phenomenon during low-temperature charging will also cause serious damage to the battery.

2. Integrated thermal management controller ITM

Due to different power systems, the heat-related systems of electric vehicles include air conditioning systems, battery thermal management and motor cooling systems.

For example, the air conditioning system, the original heating was generated by the engine's waste heat, which is very energy-saving. The heating of electric vehicles can only rely on the heat pump principle or PTC heating principle of the air conditioner.